1. BACKGROUND
Farmer-herder conflicts in Tanzania remain a significant challenge, particularly in Kilosa, Mvomero, and Kiteto districts. The increasing volatility in the interactions between farming and pastoral communities has been driven by factors such as land use competition, resource scarcity, and ineffective policies (Benjaminsen et al., 2009; Mussa et al., 2019). These conflicts disrupt livelihoods, fuel violence, and contribute to socio-economic instability (Abdallah et al., 2009). Despite various interventions, such as the establishment of the Pastoralists’ Commission and conflict resolution policies,outcomes have been less successful (Mwamfupe, 2015; Rweyemamu, 2019; Saruni, 2021). This brief note outlines the recent trends, key drivers anD repercussions/impact of these conflicts, the most affected areas/spatial distribution of the most affected areas, highlighting existing government interventions, and proposes sustainable solutions.
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